Immediately upon arrival, European alleles began to flow, admixed into the indigenous population, and that process has continued ever since: European DNA is found today throughout the Americas, no matter how remote or isolated a tribe might appear to be. The Spanish brought no women with them in 1492, and raped the Taíno women, resulting in the first generation of “mestizo”-mixed ancestry people. Based on cultural and language similarities, we think that they had probably separated from earlier populations from South American lands, now Guyana and Trinidad.
The Taíno were a people spread across multiple chiefdoms around the Caribbean and Florida. The Skraeling were probably a people we now call Thule, who were the ancestors of the Inuit in Greenland and Canada and the Iñupiat in Alaska. All had rich and mature cultures and established languages.
Europeans arriving in the New World met people all the way from the frozen north to the frozen south.
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